I have a nextcloud instance being hosted from my home network. The URL associated with it points directly at my home’s IP. I don’t want to host the instance on a VPS because disk space is expensive. So, instead, I want to point the URL at the VPS, and then somehow route the connection to my home’s nextcloud instance without leaking my home’s ip.
How might I go about doing this? Can this be achieved with nginx?
EDIT: Actually, not leaking my home’s IP is not essential. It is acceptable if it is possible to determine the IP with some effort. What I really want is to be able to host multiple websites with my single home IP without those websites being obviously connected, and to avoid automatic bots constantly looking for vulnerabilities in my home network.
I have done this before by setting up a Wireguard VPN link between my home server and a VPS, and then running a reverse proxy (such as Caddy) on the VPS, which basically forwarded web requests to my home server. This works well for most things, although there was a definite performance hit by routing traffic through the extra hop.
By using the VPN connection, you wouldn’t even need to open a port on your home network which is a great starting point for security as well.
You can setup HTTP reverse proxy on your VPS. You’ll need to point the domain to your VPS for that to work.
What I really want is to be able to host multiple websites with my single home IP without those websites being obviously connected
That’s easy. You have two ways:
- Host the websites under different paths in the same domain. If your websites are static this is fine, but if they are “services” this may not be feasible (and could be very complicated if it is feasible).
- Host them under different sub-domains. The way it works is you create a bunch of NS records in your DNS, pointing the subdomains to your root domain, and setup one “virtual host” for each of them in your HTTP server. Both Apache and Nginx have the ability to match virtual host by domain name.
to avoid automatic bots constantly looking for vulnerabilities in my home network.
I’m not sure how you would eliminate bots by separating the websites though.
You can set up nginx to do reverse proxy to your home IP, and then limit the traffic on your home IP to the VPS IP.
You can also setup a wireguard VPN between VPS and your home machine, so the traffic between VPS and your home machine is encrypted.
For DNS you just point to the VPS, and manage connections there, and on home network allow only VPS IP to connect. Then manage your security on the VPS.
If you put a wireguad VPN between the VPS and your home machine, you don’t have to open any ingress ports. I’m using a similar setup, where the public VM is handling the incoming connections and reverse proxying it to a small private server in my home.
Communication is done via wireguard VPN. I’ve used Netmaker to create a VPN connections and the mesh, and have VPN profile created on the phone, so I can reach any of the services I don’t want exposed on the public internet via private VPN ( example: listening to music via Navidrome, or home Emby server so I can watch stuff when I’m on the move and it is not exposed publicly).
Thanks a lot! This is kind of the configuration that I have converged to, with nginx and WireGuard. The last thing I need to set up correctly is for the SSL handshake to occur between the client and my home server, and not between the client and the internet-facing VPS, such that the information remains encrypted and unreadable to the VPS. The two strategies that I have seen can do this is SNI routing with nginx or to use stunnel. I still have not been able to set up either!
In that case, you’re better off just using the VPS machine as port forwarding port 443 to your home machine’s wireguard IP address and handle the SSL/TLS termination on the home machine.
This way all HTTPS traffic will be passing trough the VPS and being decrypted on your home machine, and encrypted data will be sent from your home machine back to the client. Anyone gets in or sniffs traffic will see encrypted traffic. Plus it’s already sent over encrypted VPN network. To really see what’s happening, they need to get into the machine and technically could use the wireguard private keys to decrypt the traffic, but they will still see the encrypted HTTPS traffic. So you’re good, technically.
In that case, you’re better off just using the VPS machine as port forwarding port 443 to your home machine’s wireguard IP address and handle the SSL/TLS termination on the home machine.
This is what I would like to do! I was trying to handle the SSL termination ‘automatically’ by simply forwarding the connections to 443 of my machine’s wireguard IP using nginx, but I did not manage to get it to work. That’s when I found that I need to use something like ‘stunnel’ to handle the SSL termination. But I think that you may be suggesting an even simpler method of using port-forwarding instead of the reverse proxy. I am not sure how to achieve that, I will look into it using these terms.
You did kinda push me in that direction to try the same thing. Once I have bit more time, I’ll try it out and send an example. Unless you beat me to it 😂
A wireguard tunnel/VPN is probably what you want.
From what I have learned today, I think that Wireguard Tunnel is what I want!
First I was able to use nginx as a reverse proxy to route the information from my home network through the VPS. But with this approach the client would do the SSL handshake with the VPS, and then the VPS fetches information from my home network via HTTP. Since there is no encryption layer between my VPS and my home network, I suppose that the flow of information between my home server and the VPS is insecure.
Then, I need to establish some form of encrypted connection between my home server and the VPS… And that is where the Wireguard Tunnel comes in! This tunnel allows me to transfer the information with encryption.
I am still reading and setting it up, but yeah, I’m liking this, thanks!
Nginx can also do something called SNI routing that would allow to keep the connection between your VPS and your homeserver encrypted, but overall I think a Wireguard tunnel is probably more flexible.
Oh, cool! I have managed to do it with the Wireguard tunnel! I set up a tunnel and use the nginx proxy_pass to redirect through the tunnel. It is pretty nifty that I don’t even need to port-forward!
My next step is: in my current configuration, the SSL handshake occurs between the VPS and connecting client. So the VPS has access to everything that goes through… I need to figure out how to hand-shake through the tunnel such that the VPS does not get the SSL keys.
Thanks a lot for your suggestion!
You can do SNI routing also though the tunnel.
That’s the next topic then. Thank you
You could do the VPN / VPS option with a reverse proxy like nginx proxy manager. Or, you could use Cloudflare tunnels. Worth noting that from a privacy perspective you’d be putting a lot of trust in Cloudflare. The same is also true for whoever you pick as your VPS provider
Thanks! Wireguard was suggested as a VPN, and I am currently playing with that.
